Subodh Bhattarai (English & Communication Notes - BBA/BBS/BBBS/BHM/BIM//MBA/MBS & +2)

Linda Pastan, USA (1932) Word-Meaning: a Rembrandit painting: एक किसिमको पेंटिंग  burdens of responsibility: जिम्बेवारिको भार  canvas: पेन्टिंग गर्ने स्क्रीन  eschew: कुनै चिज त्याग्ने वा त्यसबाट टाढा रहने  ethics: मानिसको व्यवहारलाई प्रवाहित पार्ने वा नियन्त्रण गर्ने नैतिक सिद्धान्तहरु/ नैतिक सिद्धान्तसंग सम्बन्धित दर्शनशास्त्रको एक अंक    every fall - every autumn: प्रत्येक हिउद, जाडो मौसम  half - heartedly: प्रयास वा उत्तेजना/चाखहिन असजिलो महसुस हुने  radiant elements: चम्किला/ज्वज्वलमान तत्वहरु  POEM In ethics class so many years ago our teacher asked this question every fall: If there were a fire in a museum, which would you save, a Rembrandt painting or an old woman who hadn’t many years left anyhow?  Restless on hard chairs caring little for pictures or old age we’d opt one year for life, the next for art and always half-heartedly.  Sometimes the woman borrowed my grandmother’s face leaving her usual kitchen to wander some drafty, half-imagined museum. One year,

Carl G. Hempel, Germany (1905-1997) Carl Gustav Hempel brought our attention to 19th-century Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis and his investigations in the  systematic discovery of the solution to a scientific problem .  In this essay,  Hempel talks about the important aspects of scientific inquiry. A scientific inquiry carries on several assumptions and testing to get to the invention of scientific discovery. The formulation of scientific discovery often involves formulating hypotheses, testing predictions and an interdisciplinary search in the real world. The writer tries to say that one should formulate a good hypothesis, test the possible conditions and reach the conclusion. One should observe the situation minutely then after understanding the problems we can formulate the hypothesis.  To elaborate on his theory, Hempel talks about the research conducted by Ignaz Semmelweis who discovers the main cause of the death of a large number of women who delivered babies in the

Siddhicharan Shrestha, Nepal (1912-1992) Poem: I don't have time, Death, do not call me, I don’t have time to mop up the blood from a broken head. Lady, do not detain my advancing feet, I have no time for your blandishments. The people of my country have canceled their meals, and are struggling: look! Shidhhicharan was born on Jestha 9, 1969 BS in Okhaldunga Bazar of Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal. Siddhi was married to Mishree Devi Shrestha. They had nine children. Their eldest son, Viswa Charan Shrestha, died at the age of four. Siddhi wrote poem "Viswa Betha" in his son's memory. Siddhicharan Shrestha is honored as "Yuga Kavi", meaning - "Poet of the Era". Siddhicharan wrote many poems. He wrote both in Nepali and Newari. He also wrote a religious poem “Devighat”. “Mero Pyaro Okhaldhunga” is the most famous poem by him.  Siddhicharan Shrestha started writing poetry from around 1930. Early in life, he worked as editor of Sharada and Gorkha

V.S. Ramachandran, India (1951-) In The Making of a Scientist , the writer presents his own experience of becoming a scientist. He is currently a neurologist and is working in the field of brain research. He talks about science and ways to become a scientist. He said one needs some obsessive qualities and should be curious about science to become a scientist so that curiosity dominates one’s life. He showed his interest in various fields like chemistry, history, physics, botany etc. He explained about his family members who have helped in various ways and their support whilst his study determined him to become a scientist. Due to his curiosity and interest in science, he presented himself to become a successful neurologist. He focuses on two questions that matter his life when he looks over his life: how much impact has he had? and how much fun? This essay discusses the requirements to become a successful scientist. According to Ramachandran, obsessive and passionate curiosity , a

Anonymous, England (before 1695) The Abbot of Canterbury is an anonymous poem. The time of the poem is Medieval England, particularly the days of King John. The locale (venue/The scene of any event or action ) of the poem is England and as to type it is southern ballad. The style is entertaining even conversational. Two lessons we get from the poem, one is wisdom is not confined to the wise, even an ordinary person can at times be as wise as the wisest of the land second idea that with wit and wisdom we can defeat the might of a king. To generalise wit (brain power) is more effective than brute (Someone who treats others inhumanely, or is regarded as wildly violent or uncivilised) power. In the poem, the writer mentions the two central characters and they are King John and the Abbot of Canterbury . The king is infamous for his wrong deeds among his people at the one side and on the other side the Abbot of Canterbury is popular among people due to his popular deeds and behaviours

Bertrand Russell, England (1872-1970) In the essay " Keeping Errors at Bay ", Russell talks about how to avoid errors and provides some techniques for that. According to him, we can be free from most errors and blind beliefs through experiments using common and creative sense. The essay provides us about what are the things for making errors and how can we avoid them or what are the basic approaches for removing our foolish ideas, fear and feeling of superiority, selfishness and bais. According to Russell fear is the most common source of error. It may operate directly or indirectly and has many forms, for example, fear of death, fear of the dark, and fear of the unknown. In fact, fear is the source of evil. If we use scientific knowledge and methods, we can avoid such errors.  The writer provides multiple examples of mistakes that generally people commit in their day-to-day life. His main idea is to provide suggestions to avoid mistakes. We need a careful, serious, critic

Abiosh Nicol, Sierra Leone (1924 - 1994) Characters Bola (A Widow) Asi (Bola's Granddaughter) Meji (Bola's 7th son who is Bola's 6th son's rebirth) - 30 Years Old. Works in the city 90 miles away from home. He has a  BLACK MARK ON HIS LEFT BUTTOCK Musa (Magician) - Muslim Mrs Meji (She comes to Kumansenu to deliver the news of her husband's death) Mr Addai This story based on magic realism shows the power of love and the sweetness of life. It captures the gratitude of the children toward their parents.  Bola is a widow who lives with her granddaughter Asi. She gave birth to six sons, but unfortunately, all of them died. When the last son dies, the village magician Musa advises Bola to break the bones of the dead child and mangle (mutilate) it so that he could not come to torment her (Unbearable physical pain). However, her heart didn't allow her to do so and then makes a black mark on the buttock of her sixth