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SAILING TO BYZANTIUM

W. B. Yeats, 1865 - 1939 That is no country for old men. The young In one another’s arms, birds in the trees —Those dying generations—at their song, The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas, Fish, flesh, or fowl, commend all summer long Whatever is begotten, born, and dies. Caught in that sensual music all neglect Monuments of un-ageing intellect. An aged man is but a paltry thing, A tattered coat upon a stick, unless Soul clap its hands and sing, and louder sing For every tatter in its mortal dress, Nor is there singing school but studying Monuments of its own magnificence; And therefore I have sailed the seas and come To the holy city of Byzantium. O sages standing in God’s holy fire As in the gold mosaic of a wall, Come from the holy fire, perne in a gyre, And be the singing-masters of my soul. Consume my heart away; sick with desire And fastened to a dying animal It knows not what it is; and gather me Into the artifice of et

6. ARTICLES

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY ESSAY 1 Alternative energy  is the complex of the sources of energy which can substitute the existing exhausting and harmful sources of energy and prevent the possible energy crisis. The problem of alternative energy is probably the most troublesome and thought-provoking one, because people all over the world understand that the current supplies of mineral resources and sources of energy (oil, gas, coal) will be exhausted in no more than fifty years and the humanity will remain without energy and it will be treated like the collapse of the human civilization. The current situation of the development of the alternative sources of energy is connected not only with the prevention of the energy crisis, but with the unfavorable ecologic condition of the natural environment. The modern sources of energy (oil, gas and coal) are not only very expensive bur also harmful for the natural environment, because they pollute water, air and soil and cause harm

PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM

Psychoanalytic criticism is an approach to literary criticism. It is influenced by Sigmund Freud , Carl G. Jung and Jacques Lacan . This literary theory/criticism sees a literary work as an expression of the unconscious of the individual psyche of its author or of the collective behaviour/unconscious of a society or of the whole human race. It is a means to understand the literary text properly and psychoanalytically. It is a kind of psychoanalytical reading as well. We can develop our understanding to literary text through psychoanalytical theory. It operates the literary text and produces a clearer picture of the text from which we can easily get mastery over the text. Psychoanalytical criticism is one of the most important reading techniques to understand the psychological and mostly ambiguous literary text as well. This theory/criticism is concerned with dynamics not only of the psyche but with the dynamics of interpersonal relations. Freud provided convincing evidence tha