Chapter 18: Thinking about values • Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the 20th century's most influential philosophers. In a letter to a student, he wrote: • What is the use of studying philosophy if all it does for you is to enable you to talk with some plausibility about some abstruse questions in logic, etc., and if it does not improve your thinking about the important questions of everyday life?” • The same theory applies to critical thinking. It would be sad indeed if studying critical thinking helps us solve logic puzzles, but it does not improve our everyday thinking. • Values are standards or ideals with which we evaluate behaviour, people, or situations. We admire certain people because their lives exemplify the values we approve of, such as kindness. • But values also affect our choices. Some people treasure freedom, but others might prefer stability and harmony. The values we adopt are influenced by our personality, experience and cultu
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