Subodh Bhattarai (English & Communication Notes - BBA/BBS/BBBS/BHM/BIM//MBA/MBS & +2)

S + V + O || Subject + Verb + Object Simple Past Tense S + Past Form of the Verb + O  E.g. He wrote a letter. Past Continuous Tense S + was/were + V + ING + O  E.g. I was writing a letter.   Past Perfect Tense S + had + Past Participle (PP.) of the Verb + O  E.g. She had written a letter.   Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had been + V + ING + O + since/for  E.g. We had been writing a letter since morning. Simple Present Tense S + V + O  E.g. You write a letter. Present Continuous Tense S + is/am/are + V + ING + O  E.g. She is writing a letter. Present Perfect Tense S + has/have + Past Participle (PP.) of the Verb + O  E.g. They have written a letter. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + has been/have been + V + ING + O + since/for  E.g. You have been writing a letter for three hours. Simple Future Tense S + will/shall + V + O  E.g. We shall write a letter. Future Continuous Tense S + will be/shall be + V + ING + O  E.g. She will be co

The Nightmare Life without Fuel   is an essay, which depicts the life of this world in coming future when the fuel resources will have reduced from their source. The main thrust of this essay is: what is going to happen if we do not conserve the world’s natural resources. Asimov focuses on a specific problem that will arise by the lack of fuels. This whole world is run by different resources such as petrol, diesel, water, wood, etc. We cannot imagine this world without the use of fuel. In comparison to the past days, we are now facing the problem of scarcity of fuel resources. Earlier these resources were found in large quantity and life style was easier.  The writer has described about the condition of America in the late nineties on the fuel crisis. On the one hand the writer has presented advantages and disadvantages of the fuel crisis and on the other hand he has shown the burning problem of the world which is created by fuel crisis. There are some advantages of not enough fuel

W ILLIAM COWPER William is a romantic poet. Like his other literary works, this is also a romantic poem representing nature. He describes the difference in the environment and natural beauty before and after the poplar trees are fallen down. With example of poplar trees, the poet wants to show the real phase of human life according to rule of nature. The poem The Poplar Field is about natural conservation. It shows the poet’s affiliation towards nature in rural life, which is remarkable for his celebration of the rural and nostalgic tone. The poet strongly rejects the sinful deeds to the natural resources especially the poplar trees in this poem. The poet is in favor of forestation to maintain ecological balance. Deforestation is really a great challenge to the world and it has affected the poet emotionally. Through this poem, he wants to give message that it is not good to chop down trees. The poet also compares the chopping down of trees to a man’s life and death. From t

Ernest Hemingway An American writer of fiction who won the Nobel prize for literature in 1954 (1899-1961) ​ The Three Day Blow is a plot-less story in a dramatic way. Nick is the main character of the story. Bill is the sincere friend of Nick. Two friends Nick and Bill meet at Bill’s cottage. The weather is shown violent. There is rain and storm. The rain stopped as Nick walked into the road that went up through the orchard, but the fall (autumn/ he season when the leaves fall from the trees) wind was blowing. On the top of the hill, there was a cottage that belongs to Bill and his father. Nick went to the cottage and Bill came out of it welcoming him. When they met, they talked about the weather and the blowing wind. Bill said that the wind would blow like that for three days. They went inside the cottage, made fire, burn lots of logs and make themselves warm. They drank Irish whiskey sitting by the fire. They started their conversation like any normal young men

Eudora Welty The Story takes place in December on a worn out path. It's about an old Negro woman named Phoenix who goes through this path where she has to go through so many obstacles to get medication for her grandson who was suffering from throat pain. She faced different obstacles like the long path, animals, bridges and people. Also she doesn't receive that much respect from people because of her Elderly age and her racial appearance. Finally at the end she gets to the town of Natchez and goes into the building where she is suppose to get the medication when she forgets why she came to the city for. The Nurses would ask if she were okay and she would only stay quiet, until finally a nurse asked her if Phoenix grandson was okay or if he was dead. From there on we don't know if Phoenix grandson is dead, but we do know that she walked that worn path, because the love she felt for her grandson. Phoenix Jackson used to live in a village far away from the town. S

Barbara Holland The essay Speaking of Children  is an extract from Barbara Holland’s renowned volume  Mother’s Day or the View from In Here . In this essay, Holland examines the idea of having more than one child and its effect to the parents. The essay is about the children and its effects on family. She believes that one child is an appendage (A part that is joined to something larger) but more than one is a way of life. One child is outnumbered (be large in number/counted) and parents can brainwash it, carry it to parties, toss it on the bed with the coats and make it whatever they want. It is usually easy to look after one child. It is a part of their lives. But, plural children are a counter culture in the house. Parents are outnumbered by the children. In other words, parents must accept or do something they do not want but they are compelled to do certain undesired things. They have to buy many toy sets and they cannot go to the weekend where they like. They have to keep

Barbara Holland The essay Speaking of Children  is an extract from Barbara Holland’s renowned volume  Mother’s Day or the View from In Here . In this essay, Holland examines the idea of having more than one child and its effect to the parents. The essay is about the children and its effects on family. She believes that one child is an appendage (A part that is joined to something larger) but more than one is a way of life. One child is outnumbered (be large in number/counted) and parents can brainwash it, carry it to parties, toss it on the bed with the coats and make it whatever they want. It is usually easy to look after one child. It is a part of their lives. But, plural children are a counter culture in the house. Parents are outnumbered by the children. In other words, parents must accept or do something they do not want but they are compelled to do certain undesired things. They have to buy many toy sets and they cannot go to the weekend where they like. They have to keep

Barbara Holland The essay Speaking of Children  is an extract from Barbara Holland’s renowned volume  Mother’s Day or the View from In Here . In this essay, Holland examines the idea of having more than one child and its effect to the parents. The essay is about the children and its effects on family. She believes that one child is an appendage (A part that is joined to something larger) but more than one is a way of life. One child is outnumbered (be large in number/counted) and parents can brainwash it, carry it to parties, toss it on the bed with the coats and make it whatever they want. It is usually easy to look after one child. It is a part of their lives. But, plural children are a counter culture in the house. Parents are outnumbered by the children. In other words, parents must accept or do something they do not want but they are compelled to do certain undesired things. They have to buy many toy sets and they cannot go to the weekend where they like. They have to keep

William Wordsworth My Heart Leaps up when I behold is a poem written by a famous nature poet William Wordsworth . In this poem, the poet recollects/remembers an experience of his childhood days and gives his emotion and feelings a meaning. The poet also expresses his love towards nature. He feels great joy when he sees a rainbow in the sky. He used to enjoy a lot when he saw the rainbow in the sky in his childhood. He hopes he will still get pleasure at seeing the rainbow when he becomes old and if such feeling stops in the future he wishes to die. According to the poet, child is the father of man because childhood is the beginning of the manhood. In other words, the qualities of the grown up men are all derived from childhood. At last, the poet wishes that his remaining days would be bound by his love to nature. A paradox is a statement containing opposite ideas that make it unlikely although it may be true. The above statement is paradoxical in the sense that it cont