Subodh Bhattarai (English & Communication Notes - BBA/BBS/BBBS/BHM/BIM//MBA/MBS & +2)

Elaine H. Kim, Korea (1961-) Elaine H. Kin is a professor at the department of  Ethnic Studies  in the  University of California  in the USA. As a Korean-American writer, she has expressed her childhood and educational experience in America. She has analysed how gender, race and economic class make an impact on personal life. In her autobiographical writing “ Then and Now: Finding My Voice ”, Elaine H. Kim presents her turmoil (a violent disturbance) and personal teenage experience as a Korean refugee child in the USA during the decade of 1950s and 1960s. She expresses the painful suffering that she had undergone in the USA during the post-conflict situation of Korea and its people in the USA. The writer loved fortune telling and she visited many fortune tellers and  shamans  (priest-doctors) in Korea. It was suggested that her destiny would give success and happiness to a man. But a disaster for women she would be a better wife or a mother. Some women's fortune teller predicates

Chinua Achebe, Nigeria (1930-2013) Characters : 1.  The story shows the conflict between the old generation and a new generation.  2. Marriage is a private affair and young people should have the right and freedom to choose life partners. The parents shouldn't interfere and they should adopt the democratic pattern. They should never impose their thoughts on their mature sons or daughters.  Nnaemeka (Modern Son) (Ibo Tribe) Nene Atang (Nnaemeka's Wife/a school teacher) (from Logos) Okeke (Conservative Father) Ugoye Nweke (Daughter of Jacob Nweke, Okeke's neighbour) Chinua Achebe’s story “ Marriage Is a Private Affair ” opens with a discussion between a young woman named Nene and a young man named Nnaemeka, who live in Lagos, Nigeria; they are in love and plan to marry. Nene wants Nnaemeka to inform his father of their plan as soon as possible, but the young man is nervous. He anticipates that his father, a member of the Ibo tribe who lives in rural Nigeria, will not approve

Ray Bradbury, USA (1920-2012) " A Sound of Thunder " is a science fiction short story by Ray Bradbury . The story is about a man named Eckels who is a passionate hunter. Eckels travels back in time to kill a dinosaur but his actions alter the balance of nature and he changes the future. The author uses a series of unique describing techniques, which make this story full of surprises.  Ray Bradbury presents the fact of how the small act of human beings at present can change the future drastically.  The story is set in 2055. A hunter named Eckels goes on an adventure travelling back into the past on a safari to kill a  Tyrannosaurus Rex . As they wait to depart, they talk about the recent presidential elections, in which an apparently fascist candidate,  Deutscher , has just been defeated by the more moderate  Keith , to the relief of many people. After the party arrives in the past,  Travis  (the hunting guide) and  Lesperance  (Travis's assistant) warn Eckels

Lekhnath Paudyal, (1885-1996) (Translated By: Laxmi Prasad Devkota) Kavi Siromani Lekhanath Poudyal ( कवी शिरोमणी लेखनाथ पौड्याल) was born in 1941 B. S. at Kaski, Nepal. His father's name was Pandit Durgadutta and Vasundhara Devi was his mother. He started learning at the early age of 5. Lekhnath Paudyal got married at the age of 14, but unfortunately lost his wife at the age of 20. He was inspired by the writings of Motiram Bhatta and Balmiki . Lekhnath Poudyal contributed immensely towards Nepali Language and Literature. His poems describe the touch of Nepal and its nature with simplicity. "Pinjra Ko Suga"( पिंजडाको सुगा) is his unforgettable poem which expressed the cruelness of Rana rulers against the Nepali people. The poem symbolizes that the Nepali peoples are like a parrot inside a cage and Rana as the jailer. He was jailed for the poem and the poem was used as a song by political heroes in jail. Lekhnath Poudyal was honoured with title "Siro Mani&

Bhupi Sherchan (1936-1989) Translated by Padma Devkota Bhupi Sherchan was the first free style poet in Nepali literature. He has analysed humans and human life in different ways but his biggest contribution to Nepalese society is that he has tried to show the way to the new generation through his numerous poems. He was a fierce nationalist and loved his country and countrymen above all else. His down to earth rationalism can be seen in his classic poem " Hami " where he claimed that we Nepalese are brave but foolish and because we are brave we are foolish. His intense love for the nation and the goodwill of the nation can be seen in his odes to the martyrs of Nepal. Bhupi Sherchan was awarded the Sajha Puraskar in 2026 B.S. Famous works: Ghumne Mech Mathi Andho Manche (A blind man on the revolving chair), Sahid Ko Samjhana (In the memory of martyr), Main Batti Ko Sikha (Flame of a candle), Ghantaghar (Clock-tower), Hami (Us),  etc. The Clock Tower captures the image of

E.V. Lucas, England (1868-1938) The story ‘ Third Thoughts ’ by E.V. Lucas (1868-1938) is a great satire of the common human mentality. This story was told to Lucas by his friend who had a business especially buying at dearer (higher) prices and selling at cheap. However, he always used to bear the loss. He used to think that one day luck would favour him. As he thought, once he earned abnormal profit by selling Turner’s panting at 50 pounds which he had bought at only 10 shillings from a curio (Something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting) shop at Cathedral city . He was really happy and excited for the first time in his business so he wanted to share half of his profit with the dealer. But since he had no stamps to send the parcel, he went to the bed.   When he woke up at 3.30 am, again he began to think that sharing half of the profit is not a good idea because no one had done this to him yet. Then he thought of giving ten pounds. Due to unexpectedly earning an abnormal prof

Shel Silverstein, USA (1930-1999) Literal Comprehension : This poem "Invitation" has been composed by 20th century American poet Shel Silverstein. The speaker in the poem invites different persons with different natures with them to accompany with her. He invites the readers who are imaginative as dreamers or even liars who always tell lie. Hopers who for something are prayers of religious deities or persons with magical power are invited to her. He even invites to the pretenders who pretend to be superior or greater to others. So, whoever the readers are, they all are invited by the speaker to sit by him to spin the Flex Golden Tales. The tales are more colorful and very much imaginative, adventurous and with many more outstanding qualities. He invites the readers for four times to accompany him unfolding Flex Golden Tales. Interpretation : The poem "Invitation" might be trying to create a good readership especially in young generation. Modern young

Isaac Asimov, USA (1920-1992) In this argumentative essay the writer makes an argument that intelligence is not absolute but is a function of the society. Often we define intelligence with respect to human qualities. Thus, as we tend to consider ourselves as the most intelligent species, we compare other species to ourselves. Yet, is this really possible?  "We willingly accept the idea of intelligence in a life form only if the intelligence displayed is on the same evolutionary wavelength as our own. Technology automatically indicates intelligence. An absence of technology translates into an absence of intelligence." Truly, intelligence seems to be relative, in that it evolves to fulfill the needs of the particular species. How, then, can we truly compare the intelligence of a crocodile with that of a whale or that of a human? Evolutionary speaking, scientists agree that organisms seem to have become more complex behaviorally. Some argue that this is correlated with i

Anton Chekhov, Russia (1860-1904) In this story, Alyohin, a narrator is the main character. He is a graduated person but he chose to work in his own field with his servants because his land was heavily mortgaged by his acparents for his study. One morning  Alyohin  was having breakfast with his friends (Burkin and Ivan). Alyohin told them about the different love affairs: first about his servants and then about his own.  In the story, the writer talks about expressed love of Nikanor and Palegeya and unexpressed love of Alyohin and Anna. Three friends Alyohin, Burkin and Ivan are having breakfast in Alyohin’s house. In the meantime, Nikanor, his servant came to ask what the guests would like to have for dinner in the evening. When Alyohin looked at Nikanor , he reminded of his love affair with Pelageya and started to tell the story. After his story over, Alyohin told about his own experience. Then the conversation turned to love as there was rain outside, the sky full of